10th social science Unit – 6 Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu question answer 2022

10th social science Unit – 6 Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu question answer 2022

 Answer the following in brief

1. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu.

i).Bay of Bengal in the east

ii).Kerala in the west

iii).Andhra Pradesh in the north

iv). Karnataka in the northwest

v). Indian Ocean in the south

2. List out the districts of Tamil Nadu which are partly/fully located on Eastern and Western

Ghats separately.

Eastern Ghats: Western Ghats:

1.Chennai 1. Nilgiris

2. Vellore 2. Coimbatore

3.Kancheepuram 3. Dindigul

4.Villupuram 4. Erode

5. Namakkal 5. Kanyakumari

6. Salem 6. Tirunelveli

7. Perambalur 7.Theni

8. Dharmapuri

3. What is ‘Teri’?

The sand dunes formed along the coast of Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts are called

Teri.

4. How is coastal plain formed?

i).Coastal plains of Tamil Nadu are also called Coromandel or Cholamandalam (landof Cholas)

plain,

ii).which extends from Chennai to Kanyakumari.

iii). It is formed by the rivers that flow towards east drain in the Bay of Bengal.

5. Name the major islands of Tamil Nadu.

1.Pamban, 2. Hare, 3.Krusadai, 4.Nallathanni Theevu, 5. Pullivasal,

6.Srirangam 7.Upputanni, 8.Island Grounds, 9. Kattupalli Island, 10. Quibble Island

11.Vivekananda Rock Memorial

6. Name the tributaries of river Thamirabarani.

1.Karaiyar

2.Servalar

3. Manimuthar

4. Gadananathi

5. Pachaiyar

6.Chittar

7. Ramanathi

7. Define : Disaster Risk Reduction.

According to United Nations office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Risk Reduction( UNDRR) is

the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and reduce

the causal factors of disasters.

8. During cyclone, how does the Meterological department warn the fishermen?

i).Fishermen should keep a radio set with extra batteries handy.

ii). keep boats and rafts tied up safely and don’t venture out in the sea.

VII. Give reasons for the following

1. Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range.

Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range. because Eastern Ghats are dissected by rivers that drain

into Bay of Bengal.

2. Tamil Nadu receives low rainfall during southwest monsoon.

i) Tamil Nadu lies in the rain shadow region for the wind, which blows from Arabian Sea.

ii) As a result, Tamil Nadu receives only a meagre rainfall from this monsoon season.

3. Alluvial soil is fertile.

Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of silt by the rivers and are generally fertile as they

are rich in minerals such as lime, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphoric acid.

4. Cuddalore is a multiprone disaster zone.

Cuddalore is a coastal district affected by Tropical Cyclone floods and was also affected by Tsunami

in 2004 and earthquake 11 August 2011.

VIII. Answer the following in a paragraph

1. Describe the nature of the plateau region of Tamil Nadu.

i).Plateaus of Tamil Nadu are located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.

ii). It is roughly triangular in shape and covers an area of about 60,000 sq.km.

iii). Its height increases from east to west. Its height ranges between 150 and 600 metres.

 Bharamahal plateau:

i).Bharamahal plateau is a part of the Mysore plateau situated in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu.

ii).Its height ranges from 350 to 710 metres. Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts are located in this

region.

 Coimbatore plateau:

i).Coimbatore plateau lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts.

ii). Its height varies from 150 to 450 metres.

iii).This region includes Salem, Coimbatore and Erode districts.

 Madurai plateau:

i).Madurai plateau found in Madurai district extends up to the foothills of the Western Ghats.

Ii).Vaigai and Thamirabarani basins are located in this zone.

2. Write an account on river Cauvery.

i).The river Cauvery originates at Talacauvery in the Brahmagiri hills of Kodagu(coorg)

district of Karnataka in the Western Ghats. About 416 km of its course falls in Tamil Nadu.

ii).It serves as the boundary between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for a distance of 64 km.

iii).It forms Hogenakkal waterfalls in Dharmapuri district.

iv). Mettur Dam, also called as the Stanley Reservoir, is located across this river

in Salem district.

v).A tributary called Bhavani joins Cauvery on the right bank about 45 km from the Mettur Reservoir.

v).Two more tributaries, Noyyal and Amaravathi, confluence the river on the right

bank at Thirumukkudal 10 km from Karur.

vii).The river is wider in this region, where it is called as ‘Agandra Cauvery’.

viii).In Tiruchirappalli district, the river branches into two parts. The northern branch is called

Coleroon or Kollidam and the southern branch remains Cauvery.

ix).From here, the Cauvery delta begins.

3. Explain the characteristic features of summer and winter seasons of Tamil Nadu.

 Winter Season:

i).During January and February, the vertical rays of the sun fall between the Tropic

of Capricorn and the Equator.

ii). Hence, Tamil Nadu and India on the whole receive slanting rays from the sun. So, the weather is

slightly cooler during these months.

iii). Winter temperature in Tamil Nadu varies from 15°C to 25°C.

iv).However, in the hill stations, the winter temperature drops below 5°C occasionally.

Some valleys in the Nilgiris record even 0°C.

 Summer Season:

i).The apparent migration of the sun towards north during March, April and May results in the

reception of vertical sun’s rays by South India.

ii).Thus there is a steady rise in temperature from the equator. Hence, Tamil Nadu located to the

south of Tropic of Cancer, experiences high temperature.

iii).Generally the temperature varies from 30°C to more than 40°C.

iv). During this season particularly in the month of May, southern part of the state receives some

rainfall from pre-monsoon showers and some parts experience convectional rainfall.

4. What is desertification and write about the areas affected by it in Tamil Nadu.

 Desertification :

Desertification is a process/ type of land degradation in which a relatively dry area of land becomes a

desert losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. It is caused by climate change

particularly through global warming and through over exploitation through human activity.

 Areas affected by Tamil Nadu:

i).Desertification is one of the major problems of Tamil Nadu.

ii).According to the desertification atlas prepared by the ISRO. About 12% of the total geographical

area is under desertification and land degradation.

iii). Theni, the Nilgiris and Kanyakumari are the worst affected districts.

iv).About 12,000 hectares (120 Sq.km) were affected by sand deposition in Theni and Rajapalayam.

5. Bring out the types and distribution of soils in Tamil Nadu.

Th e soils in Tamil Nadu are broadly classifi ed into fi ve types according to their characteristics.

Th ey are alluvial, black, red, laterite and saline soils.

 Alluvial Soil:

i).Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of silt by the rivers. Alluvial soils are generally fertile as

they are rich in minerals such as lime, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen and

phosphoric acid.

ii).Paddy, sugarcane, banana and turmeric are cultivated in this soil.

iii).Generally this type of soil is found in the districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam,

Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari.

 Black Soil:

i).Black soils are formed by the weathering of igneous rocks. It is also known as regur soil.

ii).As cotton grows well in this soil, it is also called as black cotton soil.

iii).Black soils are found extensively in the districts of Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli

and Thoothukudi.

 Red Soil:

i).Red soils cover over two-thirds of the total area of Tamil Nadu.

ii).The colour of the soil is due to the presence of high content of iron oxides.

iii). paddy, ragi, tobacco and vegetables are the chief crops grown in this soil.

iv). It is dominantly found in Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram districts.

 Laterite Soil:

i).This soil is formed by the process of intense leaching.

ii).Laterite soils are found in some parts of Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur and Thanjavur districts and

some patches over the mountainous region in the Nilgiris.

iii).Crops grown in this soil are paddy, ginger, pepper and plantains. It is also suitable for the

cultivation of tea and coffee plants.

 Saline Soil:

i).Saline soils in Tamil Nadu are confined to the Coromandel coast.

ii).Vedaranyam has a pocket of saline soil.

6. Name the areas which are affected by landslides. What will you do before, during and after

landslides?

 Name the areas which are affected by landslides:

i).Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu is identified as one of the most vulnerable districts in the country and

landslides pose a major threat in this area.

ii).The other regions which are prone to land slides are Coimbatore and palani hill of Dindigul district

where Kodaikanal hill station is located.

 Before:

Create awareness; stay alert and awake; monitor the news updates; make evacuation plan; listen for

any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris such as trees cracking, boulders knocking and

consider leaving the place of landslide if it is safe to do so.

 During : If indoors

i). Find cover in the section of the building that is farthest away from the approaching landslide;

ii). Take shelter under a strong table or bench.

iii). Hold on firmly and stay until all movement has ceased.

 If outdoors

i).Move quickly away from its likely path, keeping clear of embankments, trees, power lines and

poles.

ii). Avoid crossing roads and bridges and stay away from the landslide

 After:

i).Stay away from the slide area.

ii).listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.

iii). watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow